![]() Soon after diagnosis preferably after glycemia has improved and ≥2 years old Lipid profile, nonfasting acceptable initiallyĪlbumin-to-creatinine ratio random sample acceptable initiallyĭilated fundoscopy or retinal photographyįoot exam with foot pulses, pinprick, 10-g monofilament sensation tests, vibration, and ankle reflexes IgA tTG if total IgA normal IgG tTG and deamidated gliadin antibodies if IgA deficient Thyroid-stimulating hormone consider antithyroglobulin and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies ![]() To ensure continuity of care as an adolescent with diabetes becomes an adult, guidance is provided at the end of this section on the transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care. In addition to comprehensive diabetes care, youth with diabetes should receive age- and developmentally appropriate pediatric care, including vaccines and immunizations as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ( 1). Table 14.1A and Table 14.1B provide an overview of the recommendations for screening and treatment of complications and related conditions in pediatric type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Monogenic diabetes (neonatal diabetes and maturity-onset diabetes in the young ) and cystic fibrosis–related diabetes, which are often present in youth, are discussed in Section 2, “Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes” ( ). This section is divided into two major parts: the first part addresses care for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and the second part addresses care for children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. There are also differences in recommended care for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and other forms of pediatric diabetes. ![]() The epidemiology, pathophysiology, developmental considerations, and response to therapy in pediatric diabetes are often different from adult diabetes. ![]() The management of diabetes in children and adolescents cannot simply be derived from care routinely provided to adults with diabetes. ![]()
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